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Attention · Hybrid attention

Hybrid Attention

Mixes cheap linear-attention or state-space layers with a few full-attention layers.

Linear attention variants (Gated DeltaNet, Kimi Delta Attention, Lightning Attention) and state-space layers such as Mamba-2 keep a fixed-size recurrent state instead of a per-token KV cache, so their memory does not grow with context.

Because they are weaker at precise retrieval, hybrids interleave them with a smaller number of full-attention layers, for example three linear layers per full-attention layer in the Qwen pattern.

Overview of linear-attention hybrid architectures. Figure from Sebastian Raschka’s explainer.

Adoption over time

Models in the atlas using Hybrid attention, per half-year of release.

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Used by

24

models in the atlas

Earliest: Qwen3 Next (80B-A3B) (Sep 9, 2025)

Models using Hybrid attention

  • Architecture diagram of Nemotron 3.5 Super VL (120B-A12B)

    NVIDIA, released 2026-10-15. Hybrid MoE decoder, 120B total, 12B active, 1M context. Attention: Mostly Mamba-2 with eight GQA layers.

  • Architecture diagram of Ling 3.1 Flash (560B)

    InclusionAI, released 2026-10-13. Hybrid MoE decoder, 560B total, 25B active, 1M context. Attention: 7:1 Kimi Delta Attention and gated MLA.

  • Architecture diagram of Ember-1 (2.8T)

    Fireworks AI, released 2026-09-23. Hybrid MoE decoder, 2.8T total, 104B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and Gated MLA with NoPE.

  • Architecture diagram of GLM-5.3-Flash (320B)

    Z.ai, released 2026-08-26. Hybrid MoE decoder, 320B total, 18B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and MLA with DeepSeek Sparse Attention.

  • Architecture diagram of Qwen3.8-Flash-Next (125B-A6B)

    Alibaba Cloud, released 2026-08-26. Hybrid MoE decoder, 125B total, 6B active, 256K context. Attention: 3:1 Gated DeltaNet and Qwen Sparse Attention (QSA).

  • Architecture diagram of Ornith 1.5 (35B-A3B)

    Ornith, released 2026-08-23. Hybrid MoE decoder, 35B total, 3B active, 256K context. Attention: 3:1 Gated DeltaNet and Gated Attention.

  • Architecture diagram of Qwen3.8 (27B)

    Alibaba Cloud, released 2026-08-14. Dense hybrid decoder, 27B parameters, 256K context. Attention: 3:1 Gated DeltaNet and Gated Attention.

  • Architecture diagram of Nemotron 3.5 Lightning (30B-A3B)

    NVIDIA, released 2026-08-11. Hybrid MoE decoder, 30B total, 3B active, 1M context. Attention: Mostly Mamba-2 with six GQA layers.

  • Architecture diagram of Ling 3.0 Flash (124B)

    InclusionAI, released 2026-08-04. Hybrid MoE decoder, 124B total, 5.1B active, 256K context. Attention: 5:1 Kimi Delta Attention and gated MLA.

  • Architecture diagram of Kimi K3 (2.8T)

    Moonshot AI, released 2026-07-27. Hybrid MoE decoder, 2.8T total, 104B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and Gated MLA with NoPE.

  • Architecture diagram of Solar Open 2 (250B)

    Upstage, released 2026-07-22. Hybrid MoE decoder, 250B total, 15B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and gated GQA with NoPE.

  • Architecture diagram of BTL-3 (27B)

    Bad Theory Labs, released 2026-07-20. Dense hybrid decoder, 27B parameters, 256K context. Attention: 3:1 Gated DeltaNet and Gated Attention.

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