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Residual stream · AttnRes

Attention Residuals

Learned, attention-style weights over earlier layer outputs replace the plain residual sum.

A standard residual connection adds every earlier update with weight one. AttnRes lets each layer attend over earlier layer outputs and weight their contributions.

Full and block variants exist; Kimi Linear already used the idea. Reported gains are consistent but modest, for a few percent extra training and inference cost.

Standard residuals compared with Attention Residuals. Figure from Sebastian Raschka’s explainer.

Adoption over time

Models in the atlas using AttnRes, per half-year of release.

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Models using AttnRes

  • Architecture diagram of Ember-1 (2.8T)

    Fireworks AI, released 2026-09-23. Hybrid MoE decoder, 2.8T total, 104B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and Gated MLA with NoPE.

  • Architecture diagram of Kimi K3 (2.8T)

    Moonshot AI, released 2026-07-27. Hybrid MoE decoder, 2.8T total, 104B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and Gated MLA with NoPE.

  • Architecture diagram of Kimi Linear (48B-A3B)

    Moonshot AI, released 2025-10-30. Hybrid MoE decoder, 48B total, 3B active, 1M context. Attention: 3:1 Kimi Delta Attention and MLA.

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